Human rights are basic rights that belong to all of us simply because we are human. They embody key values in our society, such as fairness, dignity, equality and respect. They are an important means of protection for us all, especially those who may face abuse, neglect and isolation. Human rights violations that are of great concern include curbs on freedom of expression, assaults on civil society organisations, violations of religious and belief freedoms, enforced disappearances carried out by government officials and their proxies, illegal or capricious killings, extrajudicial killings, torture, unjustified detention, acts of terrorism, and instances of law enforcement abuses. Systemic human rights violations are a complex issue that relates to problems of governance as well as cultural and social issues This book shines new light on human rights issues in South Asia and the Middle East and explains how they give rise to migrants and refugees from these areas to democratic countries. The focus is on Pakistan, Iraq and Iran. It covers a range of issues that, such as the general security situation, the risk from terrorism and other forms of political violence, the risk to political opponents of governments, the risks in blood feuds and from the perceived violation of family honour, religious persecution and the risks faced by ethnic minorities.